What is an AI Chatbot and How Does it Work?

An AI chatbot is a software tool that uses artificial intelligence to understand questions and respond through a conversational interface.

Instead of forcing users to click through menus, search through pages or wait for a person, an AI chatbot allows someone to ask a question in their own words and receive a relevant answer.

AI chatbots are commonly used on websites, customer portals, mobile apps, help centres and internal business systems. They can answer FAQs, guide visitors, capture leads, support customers, recommend products and help users take the next step.

For businesses, the value is simple: a well-built chatbot can make information easier to find, reduce repetitive manual work and keep support available even when the team is offline.

If you want to create one for your own website, Nertia’s AI Chatbot Maker is designed to help businesses build, customise, test and deploy a chatbot without starting from scratch.

TLDR: What Is an AI Chatbot?

An AI chatbot is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence to understand messages and provide conversational answers.

A typical AI chatbot works by:

  1. Receiving a message from the user
  2. Understanding what the user is asking
  3. Checking the context of the conversation
  4. Searching approved business information
  5. Generating or selecting a useful response
  6. Showing the answer through text, voice or another interface
  7. Directing the user to the next step, such as a page, form, booking link or human support

A good AI chatbot should not guess important details. It should use accurate information, explain its limitations and direct users to a person when needed.

AI Chatbot Explained Simply

The easiest way to understand an AI chatbot is to think of it as a conversational layer between a person and your business information.

Instead of a visitor manually looking through your website, they can ask:

“Do you offer chatbot services for small businesses?”

The chatbot then checks the information it has been given and replies with a useful answer. It may explain the service, link to a relevant page or ask a follow-up question.

For example:

“Yes. Nertia helps businesses create AI chatbots for websites, support, lead generation and customer guidance. You can explore our AI Chatbot Maker here.”

This is why AI chatbots are useful for service businesses. They turn static website content into a more interactive experience.

How Does an AI Chatbot Work?

Most AI chatbots follow a similar process, although the exact setup depends on the platform.

1. The user sends a message

The conversation begins when a user types or speaks a question.

Examples include:

  • “What services do you offer?”
  • “How much does it cost?”
  • “Can I book a consultation?”
  • “Do you cover Birmingham?”
  • “Which package is best for my business?”
  • “How do I reset my account?”

The message may be clear, vague, misspelled or part of a longer conversation. The chatbot’s job is to understand the likely meaning.

2. The chatbot processes the language

The chatbot analyses the message to understand intent.

It may identify:

  • The main question
  • Important keywords
  • Products or services
  • Locations
  • Dates
  • Sentiment
  • Urgency
  • Earlier conversation context

For example, “How much is it?”, “What are your prices?” and “Do you have packages?” may all be understood as pricing questions.

3. The chatbot checks the conversation context

Modern AI chatbots can often understand follow-up questions.

For example:

User: “Do you build websites?”
Chatbot: “Yes, we design and develop websites for service businesses.”
User: “How long do they take?”

The chatbot can understand that “they” refers to websites. This makes the conversation feel more natural and reduces repetition for the user.

4. The chatbot retrieves relevant information

A business chatbot should answer from approved information, not just general AI knowledge.

This information may include:

  • Website pages
  • FAQs
  • Uploaded documents
  • Product information
  • Service descriptions
  • Pricing details
  • Policies
  • Help articles
  • Internal knowledge documents

This is often called retrieval. It helps the chatbot find relevant content before producing an answer.

For example, if someone asks about your refund policy, the chatbot should use your actual refund policy rather than inventing a general answer.

5. The chatbot prepares a response

The chatbot uses the retrieved information, conversation context and its instructions to prepare a response.

Instructions can control:

  • Tone of voice
  • Response length
  • Formatting
  • Calls to action
  • Restricted topics
  • Links to include
  • Escalation rules
  • What the chatbot should not answer

For example, a business may instruct the chatbot not to estimate project prices unless the user has completed a quote form.

6. The answer is shown to the user

The chatbot may respond with:

  • Text
  • A link
  • A list
  • A comparison
  • A form
  • A booking button
  • A product recommendation
  • A support route
  • A spoken answer
  • An AI avatar response

The best chatbot answers the question first, then offers the next useful action.

AI Chatbot Process at a Glance

StageWhat HappensExample
User inputThe user asks a question“Do you build ecommerce websites?”
Language processingThe chatbot identifies the meaningEcommerce website enquiry
ContextEarlier messages are consideredUser previously mentioned a new shop
RetrievalRelevant information is foundWebsite service page
ResponseThe chatbot prepares an answerService explanation and next step
ActionThe user takes the next stepBooks a call or visits a service page
ReviewThe business checks performanceMissing answers are improved

What Technology Powers an AI Chatbot?

AI chatbots usually combine several technologies.

Natural-language processing

Natural-language processing helps software work with human language. It allows a chatbot to understand different ways people ask the same thing.

For example:

  • “What do you charge?”
  • “How much does it cost?”
  • “Can I see your prices?”
  • “Do you have a monthly plan?”

These questions use different words but often have the same intent.

Large language models

Large language models help chatbots produce more natural answers. Popular AI platforms include ChatGPT, Claude and Google Gemini.

These models can explain information, summarise content, rephrase answers and respond to follow-up questions.

However, language models can make mistakes. For business use, they should be supported by clear instructions, approved knowledge sources and regular testing.

Information retrieval

Information retrieval helps the chatbot search approved content before answering.

This is important because a business chatbot should be grounded in real business information. It should know your services, policies, prices, FAQs and contact routes.

For Nertia users, this is why preparing a good knowledge base matters. You can learn more in our guide on how to set up your knowledge base.

Embeddings and vector search

Some AI chatbots convert questions and content into mathematical representations called embeddings. This helps the system find information with a similar meaning, even when the exact words are different.

For example, a page called “Payment Options” may still be found when a user asks, “Can I pay monthly?”

APIs and integrations

APIs allow a chatbot to connect with other software.

A chatbot may connect with platforms such as:

Integrations can make chatbots more useful, but they also need proper permissions, testing and security controls.

What Can an AI Chatbot Do?

The exact capabilities depend on the platform, knowledge base and integrations.

Answer customer questions

An AI chatbot can explain:

  • Services
  • Products
  • Pricing
  • Opening hours
  • Delivery information
  • Policies
  • FAQs
  • Support instructions

This is especially useful for businesses that receive the same questions repeatedly.

Guide website visitors

A chatbot can help visitors find the right page faster.

For example, it can direct users towards:

  • A service page
  • A product category
  • A contact form
  • A booking page
  • A guide or resource
  • A pricing section

This can improve website navigation and reduce friction.

If your website is hard to navigate or slow to load, you can also check it using Nertia’s free SEO, AEO and GEO Website Scan Tool.

Capture leads

A chatbot can ask qualifying questions before sending a lead to your team.

It may collect:

  • Name
  • Email
  • Phone number
  • Service required
  • Location
  • Budget range
  • Timeline
  • Project details

This helps your team receive better-quality enquiries.

Support customers

AI chatbots can help with common support questions, such as account access, order updates, setup instructions or troubleshooting steps.

For more complex issues, the chatbot should direct the user to a person or create a support ticket.

Recommend products or services

An ecommerce or service-based chatbot can ask questions and recommend suitable options.

For example, a website visitor may ask:

“I run a roofing business. What kind of chatbot do I need?”

The chatbot could explain lead capture, FAQs, service guidance and booking call-to-action options.

Support internal teams

Internal AI chatbots can help employees search company knowledge.

This may include:

  • Policies
  • Training documents
  • Product information
  • Sales scripts
  • Technical guides
  • Internal processes

This can reduce time spent searching through documents and asking repeated internal questions.

Types of AI Chatbots

Not every chatbot works in the same way.

Chatbot TypeHow It WorksBest For
Rule-based chatbotFollows fixed buttons or decision pathsSimple menus and structured flows
Keyword chatbotResponds based on specific wordsBasic FAQs
Intent-based chatbotUnderstands what the user wantsSupport and routing
Generative AI chatbotCreates natural language responsesFlexible conversations
Retrieval-based chatbotSearches approved knowledgeBusiness information and support
Transactional chatbotCompletes actionsBookings, tickets and CRM updates
Voice chatbotUses speech input and outputPhone support and accessibility
Hybrid chatbotCombines AI, buttons, retrieval and handoverMost business websites

For many businesses, a hybrid chatbot is the most practical option. It gives users the flexibility of AI while keeping important actions structured and controlled.

AI Chatbot vs Traditional Chatbot

A traditional chatbot usually follows fixed scripts, buttons or keyword rules.

An AI chatbot can understand more varied language and generate more flexible responses.

Traditional ChatbotAI Chatbot
Follows fixed pathsInterprets natural language
Uses pre-written responsesCan generate responses
Limited contextCan understand follow-up questions
Easier to controlRequires stronger testing
Good for simple processesBetter for guidance and open questions

Traditional chatbots can still be useful for simple tasks. The best solution is often a blend of structured flows and AI-powered answers.

AI Chatbot vs Live Chat

Live chat connects the user to a human team member. An AI chatbot provides automated support.

AI ChatbotLive Chat
AutomatedHuman-operated
Available outside working hoursLimited by team availability
Handles repeated questions wellBetter for complex situations
Responds quicklyMay involve waiting
Needs clear knowledge and rulesUses human judgement

A business can use both. The chatbot can answer common questions and collect details before handing over to a person.

AI Chatbot vs AI Agent

The terms are sometimes used together, but they are not always the same.

An AI chatbot mainly manages conversations. An AI agent is usually designed to complete multi-step tasks across connected systems.

AI ChatbotAI Agent
Conversation-focusedGoal-focused
Responds to user messagesMay plan multiple steps
Often customer-facingCan be customer-facing or internal
Usually limited permissionsMay need broader permissions
Best for questions and guidanceBest for controlled task completion

As chatbots become more action-focused, security and approval rules become more important.

Benefits of AI Chatbots for Businesses

Faster responses

Users can get answers without waiting for a team member.

24/7 availability

A chatbot can guide visitors and collect enquiries outside normal working hours.

Reduced repetitive work

Your team can spend less time answering the same questions manually.

Better lead capture

Chatbots can engage users while they are actively browsing and guide them towards the right next step.

Consistent information

A well-maintained chatbot uses the same approved information across conversations.

Improved website experience

Visitors can ask for what they need instead of searching through several pages.

Useful customer insight

Conversation history can show common questions, objections and missing website content.

Limitations of AI Chatbots

AI chatbots are useful, but they are not perfect.

Common limitations include:

  • They can misunderstand unclear questions
  • They may give incorrect answers if the source content is poor
  • They cannot fully replace human judgement
  • They need testing and maintenance
  • Some users prefer speaking to a person
  • Integrations can introduce security risks
  • Complex complaints may need human support

A trustworthy chatbot should admit when it cannot answer confidently and provide a clear route to human support.

What Is an AI Chatbot Hallucination?

An AI chatbot hallucination is when the chatbot gives an answer that is incorrect, unsupported or invented.

For example, it may create:

  • A price that does not exist
  • A service the business does not offer
  • A false delivery promise
  • An incorrect policy
  • A made-up guarantee

Businesses can reduce this risk by:

  • Using approved knowledge sources
  • Writing clear instructions
  • Adding fallback responses
  • Testing difficult questions
  • Reviewing conversation history
  • Keeping content updated
  • Escalating uncertain questions to a person

This is why chatbot setup is not just about installing a widget. The information behind the chatbot matters.

Are AI Chatbots Safe?

AI chatbots can be used safely when businesses apply the right controls.

Important safeguards include:

  • Accurate knowledge sources
  • Clear privacy information
  • Human escalation
  • Restricted topics
  • Secure integrations
  • Access permissions
  • Data minimisation
  • Conversation monitoring
  • Regular testing
  • Clear fallback responses

A chatbot should not ask users to share passwords, full card details or unnecessary sensitive information.

How Are AI Chatbots Created?

Creating a business chatbot usually involves these steps.

1. Define the goal

Decide what the chatbot should do.

Examples include:

  • Answer FAQs
  • Generate leads
  • Support customers
  • Guide website visitors
  • Recommend products
  • Search internal documents

2. Identify user questions

Review common questions from emails, forms, sales calls, website searches and support conversations.

This helps you build the chatbot around real customer language.

3. Prepare the knowledge

Gather accurate information such as:

  • Service pages
  • Product details
  • Prices
  • Policies
  • FAQs
  • Contact routes
  • Support guides

4. Choose a chatbot platform

Look for a platform with strong knowledge management, design controls, testing tools, analytics and integration options.

You can read Nertia’s guide on how to choose the best AI chatbot maker for a fuller comparison.

5. Add instructions

Define how the chatbot should speak, what it should answer, what it should avoid and when it should direct users to a person.

6. Customise the design

The chatbot should match your website while staying readable, accessible and easy to close on mobile.

For more design guidance, read The Ultimate Guide to AI Chatbot Design and UI.

7. Test before launch

Ask realistic questions, edge-case questions and questions the chatbot should not answer.

Testing helps you identify weak answers before real users see them.

8. Launch and improve

After launch, review conversations regularly. Use them to improve your chatbot, website content and FAQs.

Do You Need Coding Skills to Create an AI Chatbot?

Not always.

A no-code chatbot maker allows businesses to create, customise and publish a chatbot through a dashboard.

With Nertia’s AI Chatbot Maker, businesses can build chatbots, add knowledge, customise the design, test responses and deploy the widget to their website.

Coding may still be needed for complex systems, advanced integrations, custom authentication or highly specific workflows.

How Is an AI Chatbot Added to a Website?

Most chatbot platforms provide a script, plugin or installation code.

The process usually involves:

  1. Creating the chatbot
  2. Adding business knowledge
  3. Customising the interface
  4. Testing the responses
  5. Copying the installation code
  6. Adding it to the website
  7. Testing the live widget

On platforms such as WordPress, the code may be added through the theme, a plugin, a page builder or Google Tag Manager.

The chatbot should not block key website content, especially on mobile devices.

How Do You Measure AI Chatbot Performance?

Useful chatbot metrics include:

MetricWhat It Shows
Conversation startsHow often users open the chatbot
Engagement rateHow many visitors interact
Resolution rateHow many questions are answered
Fallback rateHow often the chatbot cannot help
Lead conversionHow many chats produce enquiries
Booking rateHow many users complete a booking
Escalation rateHow often human help is needed
Abandonment rateWhere users leave
Accuracy rateHow often reviewed answers are correct

A high number of conversations does not automatically mean the chatbot is effective. The chatbot should help users reach useful outcomes.

AI Chatbots and Digital Twins

An AI chatbot manages the conversation. A digital twin or AI avatar can present the response through a visual or spoken experience.

Together, they can create a more engaging customer experience:

  1. A visitor asks a question
  2. The chatbot understands the request
  3. Approved information is retrieved
  4. An AI avatar presents the answer
  5. The visitor continues, books a call or requests a person

You can explore Nertia’s Digital Twin service to learn more about AI avatars, voice modelling and multilingual video.

AI Chatbots and Website Design

A chatbot should support a clear website, not replace it.

Important information should still be available through:

  • Service pages
  • Navigation
  • FAQs
  • Contact pages
  • Pricing sections
  • Help content
  • Calls to action

If the website itself is confusing, slow or thin on useful information, the chatbot will have less quality content to work from.

Nertia’s Website Design and Development service helps businesses create clear websites that can be strengthened by AI chatbots, automation and better user journeys.

Frequently Asked Questions About AI Chatbots

What is an AI chatbot?

An AI chatbot is software that uses artificial intelligence to understand questions and provide conversational answers through text, voice or another interface.

How does an AI chatbot work?

An AI chatbot receives a user message, analyses the meaning, checks the conversation context, retrieves relevant information and prepares a response based on its instructions and knowledge sources.

What is an AI chatbot used for?

AI chatbots are used for customer support, lead generation, website guidance, product recommendations, appointment routing, FAQs and internal knowledge search.

Is an AI chatbot the same as live chat?

No. Live chat connects users to a human. An AI chatbot provides automated responses. Many businesses use both together.

Can AI chatbots make mistakes?

Yes. AI chatbots can misunderstand questions or generate unsupported answers. This risk can be reduced with approved knowledge sources, clear instructions, testing and human escalation.

Can an AI chatbot learn about my business?

Yes, if you provide it with accurate business information such as website pages, FAQs, service details, documents and policies.

Do AI chatbots need maintenance?

Yes. A chatbot should be reviewed whenever your services, prices, policies or website content change.

Can I add an AI chatbot to WordPress?

Yes. Most chatbot platforms provide an installation script or plugin that can be added to a WordPress website.

Are AI chatbots good for small businesses?

Yes. AI chatbots can help small businesses answer common questions, capture leads and guide website visitors without needing a large support team.

How do I create an AI chatbot for my website?

Start by defining the chatbot’s goal, preparing your business knowledge, choosing a chatbot platform, writing instructions, customising the design, testing responses and publishing it to your website.

Build an AI Chatbot Around Your Business

An AI chatbot can help your business answer questions, guide visitors and reduce repetitive manual work.

The best results come from combining clear website content, accurate knowledge sources, thoughtful chatbot design and regular improvement.

If you want to create your own chatbot, explore Nertia’s AI Chatbot Maker. You can also review your website’s SEO, AEO and GEO readiness with the free Nertia Website Scan Tool, or read The Complete Guide to AI Chatbots for Business for a deeper implementation guide.

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